DIRNAME(3C) Standard C Library Functions DIRNAME(3C)
NAME
dirname - report the parent directory name of a file path name
SYNOPSIS
#include <libgen.h>
char *dirname(
char *path);
DESCRIPTION
The
dirname() function takes a pointer to a character string that
contains a pathname, and returns a pointer to a string that is a pathname
of the parent directory of that file. Trailing '/' characters in the
path are not counted as part of the path.
If
path does not contain a '/', then
dirname() returns a pointer to the
string "." . If
path is a null pointer or points to an empty string,
dirname() returns a pointer to the string "." .
RETURN VALUES
The
dirname() function returns a pointer to a string that is the parent
directory of
path. If
path is a null pointer or points to an empty
string, a pointer to a string "." is returned.
ERRORS
No errors are defined.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Changing the Current Directory to the Parent Directory.
The following code fragment reads a pathname, changes the current working
directory to the parent directory of the named file (see
chdir(2)), and
opens the file.
char path[[MAXPATHLEN], *pathcopy;
int fd;
fgets(path, MAXPATHLEN, stdin);
pathcopy = strdup(path);
chdir(dirname(pathcopy));
fd = open(basename(path), O_RDONLY);
Example 2: Sample Input and Output Strings for dirname().
In the following table, the input string is the value pointed to by
path,
and the output string is the return value of the
dirname() function.
+-------------+---------------+
|
Input String |
Output String |
+-------------+---------------+
|"/usr/lib"" | "/usr" |
+-------------+---------------+
|"/usr/" | "/" |
+-------------+---------------+
|"usr" | "/" |
+-------------+---------------+
|"/" | "/" |
+-------------+---------------+
|"." | "." |
+-------------+---------------+
|".." | "." |
+-------------+---------------+
USAGE
The
dirname() function modifies the string pointed to by
path.
The
dirname() and
basename(3C) functions together yield a complete
pathname. The expression
dirname(path) obtains the pathname of the
directory where
basename(path) is found.
ATTRIBUTES
See
attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+--------------------+-----------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+--------------------+-----------------+
|Interface Stability | Standard |
+--------------------+-----------------+
|MT-Level | MT-Safe |
+--------------------+-----------------+
SEE ALSO
basename(1),
chdir(2),
basename(3C),
attributes(7),
standards(7) March 18, 2002
DIRNAME(3C)