illumos: manual page: user

USER_ATTR(5) File Formats and Configurations USER_ATTR(5)

NAME

user_attr - extended user attributes database

SYNOPSIS

/etc/user_attr

DESCRIPTION

/etc/user_attr is a local source of extended attributes associated with
users and roles. user_attr can be used with other user attribute sources,
including the LDAP people container and the user_attr NIS map. Programs
use the getuserattr(3SECDB) routines to gain access to this information.

The search order for multiple user_attr sources is specified in the
/etc/nsswitch.conf file, as described in the nsswitch.conf(5) man page.
The search order follows that for passwd(5).

Each entry in the user_attr databases consists of a single line with five
fields separated by colons (:). Line continuations using the backslash
(\) character are permitted. Each entry has the form:

user:qualifier:res1:res2:attr

user

The name of the user as specified in the passwd(5) database.

qualifier

Reserved for future use.

res1

Reserved for future use.

res2

Reserved for future use.

attr

An optional list of semicolon-separated (;) key-value pairs that
describe the security attributes to apply to the object upon
execution. Zero or more keys may be specified. The following keys are
currently interpreted by the system:

auths

Specifies a comma-separated list of authorization names chosen
from those names defined in the auth_attr(5) database.
Authorization names may be specified using the asterisk (*)
character as a wildcard. For example, solaris.printer.* means all
of Sun's printer authorizations.

profiles

Contains an ordered, comma-separated list of profile names chosen
from prof_attr(5). Profiles are enforced by the profile shells,
pfcsh, pfksh, and pfsh. See pfsh(1). A default profile is
assigned in /etc/security/policy.conf (see policy.conf(5)). If no
profiles are assigned, the profile shells do not allow the user
to execute any commands.

roleauth

Specifies whether a user assuming a role is required to use the
role password or their own password. If the roleauth key value
is not specified, the role password is required for users
assuming the role.

roles

Can be assigned a comma-separated list of role names from the set
of user accounts in this database whose type field indicates the
account is a role. If the roles key value is not specified, the
user is not permitted to assume any role.

type

Can be assigned one of these strings: normal, indicating that
this account is for a normal user, one who logs in; or role,
indicating that this account is for a role. Roles can only be
assumed by a normal user after the user has logged in.

project

Can be assigned a name of one project from the project(5)
database to be used as a default project to place the user in at
login time. For more information, see getdefaultproj(3PROJECT).

defaultpriv

The default set of privileges assigned to a user's inheritable
set upon login. See "Privileges Keywords," below.

limitpriv

The maximum set of privileges a user or any process started by
the user, whether through su(8) or any other means, can obtain.
The system administrator must take extreme care when removing
privileges from the limit set. Removing any basic privilege has
the ability of crippling all applications; removing any other
privilege can cause many or all applications requiring privileges
to malfunction. See "Privileges Keywords," below.

lock_after_retries

Specifies whether an account is locked after the count of failed
logins for a user equals or exceeds the allowed number of retries
as defined by RETRIES in /etc/default/login. Possible values are
yes or no. The default is no. Account locking is applicable only
to local accounts.

The following keys are available only if the system is configured
with the Trusted Extensions feature:

clearance

Contains the maximum label at which the user can operate. If
unspecified, in the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) encodings
scheme, the default is specified in label_encodings(5) (see
label_encodings(5) and labels(7) in the Solaris Trusted
Extensions Reference Manual).

min_label

Contains the minimum label at which the user can log in. If
unspecified, in the DIA encodings scheme, the default is
specified in label_encodings(5) (see label_encodings(5) and
labels(7) in the Solaris Trusted Extensions Reference Manual).

Except for the type key, the key=value fields in /etc/user_attr can be
added using roleadd(8) and useradd(8). You can use rolemod(8) and
usermod(8) to modify key=value fields in /etc/user_attr. Modification of
the type key is restricted as described in rolemod and usermod.

Privileges Keywords

The defaultpriv and limitpriv are the privileges-related keywords and are
described above.

See privileges(7) for a description of privileges. The command ppriv -l
(see ppriv(1)) produces a list of all supported privileges. Note that you
specify privileges as they are displayed by ppriv. In privileges(7),
privileges are listed in the form PRIV_<privilege_name>. For example, the
privilege file_chown, as you would specify it in user_attr, is listed in
privileges(7) as PRIV_FILE_CHOWN.

See usermod(8) for examples of commands that modify privileges and their
subsequent effect on user_attr.

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Assigning a Profile to Root

The following example entry assigns to root the All profile, which allows
root to use all commands in the system, and also assigns two
authorizations:

root::::auths=solaris.*,solaris.grant;profiles=All;type=normal

The solaris.* wildcard authorization shown above gives root all the
solaris authorizations; and the solaris.grant authorization gives root
the right to grant to others any solaris authorizations that root has.
The combination of authorizations enables root to grant to others all the
solaris authorizations. See auth_attr(5) for more about authorizations.

FILES

/etc/nsswitch.conf

See nsswitch.conf(5).

/etc/user_attr

Described here.

ATTRIBUTES

NOTES

The root user is usually defined in local databases for a number of
reasons, including the fact that root needs to be able to log in and do
system maintenance in single-user mode, before the network name service
databases are available. For this reason, an entry should exist for root
in the local user_attr file, and the precedence shown in the example
nsswitch.conf(5) file entry under EXAMPLES is highly recommended.

Because the list of legal keys is likely to expand, any code that parses
this database must be written to ignore unknown key-value pairs without
error. When any new keywords are created, the names should be prefixed
with a unique string, such as the company's stock symbol, to avoid
potential naming conflicts.

In the attr field, escape the following symbols with a backslash (\) if
you use them in any value: colon (:), semicolon (;), carriage return
(\n), equals (=), or backslash (\).

October 1, 2020 USER_ATTR(5)